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1 Πολιάς
Πολῐᾰς epith. of Athene,1 guardian of cities ὅσσα τ' ἔριξε λευκωλένῳ ἄκναμπτον Ἥρᾳ μένος ἀντερείδων, ὅσα τε Πολιάδι (sc. Ἀπόλλων) Pae. 6.89 -
2 πόλις
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `citadel, fort, city, city community, state' (Il.; on the meaning in Hom. Hoffmann Festschr. Snell 153ff.).Dialectal forms: Myc. potorijo has been interpreted as *Πτολίων.Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in πτολί-πορθος (- πόρθιος, - πόρθης) `sacking cities, destroyer of cities' (ep. Il.); enlarged in IA. πολιοῦχος (from - ιο-ουχ.); Dor. πολι-ά̄-οχος, - ιᾶχος, ep. πολι-ή-οχος `ruling a city, city protector'; in A. also the unexplained πολισσο- in πολισσοῦχος, πολισσο-νομέω. Very often as 2. member, e.g. ἀκρο-πολις = πόλις ἄκρη `upper town, citadel' (Od.); on this and on the other compp. Risch IF 59, 261 ff.Derivatives: 1. expressive enlargement πτολί-εθρον n. (ep. Il.); cf. μέλαθρον, θέμεθλα, ἔδεθλον (Schwyzer 533). 2. Diminut. πολίχνη f., often as PlN (IA.) with - ίχνιον (Att.); πολίδιον (ῑ̆) n. (Str.). 3. Πολιεύς (- ηύς) m. `city guardian' (Thera before Va, Arist., hell.; Bosshardt 60); f. Πολιάς (IA., Arg.). 4. πολίτης (ῑ; ep., Sapph., Att.), πολι-ά̄-τας, - ή-της (Dor. Aeol., Β 806, Ion.; after οἰκιά-τας, - ιή-της a.o.) m. `citizen, townsman', f. - ῖτις (S., E., Pl.); from this πολιτ-ικός `civic, political' (Hdt. 7, 103, Att.; Chantraine Études 123); - εύομαι, - εύω `to be citizen, to take part in state affairs' (Att. etc.; πολιατεύω Gortyn) with - εία, Ion. - ηίη, - ευμα (Hdt., Att.; on the meaning Wilhelm Glotta 14, 78ff., 83f., Papazoglou REGr. 72, 100ff. resp. Ruppel Phil. 82, 268ff., Engers Mnem. 54, 154ff.); also πολιτισμός `administration' (D. L.; - ισμός analog., Chantraine Form. 143). 5. Denominat. πολίζω, aor. - ίσ(σ)αι, rare a. late with ἐν-, συν- a.o., `to found (a city), to cultivate a place by founding a city' (ep. Ion., X.) with πόλ-ισμα `foundation (of a city)' (Ion. poet., Th.; Chantraine Form. 189), - ισμάτιον (hell.), - ισμός `foundation of a city' (D. H., Lyd.), - ιστής `founder of a city' (Poll. 9, 6; rejected).Etymology: The byform πτόλις (also Arc. Πτόλις, name of the castle in Mantinea; Thess. οἱ ττολίαρχοι w. assim.) is not convincingly explained. Hypotheses w. further details in Schwyzer 325 (w. lit.); further Kretschmer Glotta 22, 206, Deroy Ant. class. 23, 305ff., Merlingen Μνήμης χάριν 2, 57, Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 75ff., 112 n. 4 (cf. also on πτόλεμος). To be rejected the identification of πόλις from *pu̯olis with Arm. k'alak` `town' (Winter Lang. 31,8).-- Old word for `castle, refugecastle', except in Greek further only in the east attested (cf. Kretschmer Glotta 22, 107, Porzig Gliederung 173): Skt. pū́r f., acc. púr-am, Lith. pilìs f. Both the Skt. and the Lith. word show zero grade, which has also been considered possible for πόλις (Schwyzer 344); the i-stem in πόλ-ις and pil-ìs is secondary enlargement. Thee repeated proposals, to connect this very ancient word for `citadel' with the verb for `fill' ( πίμπλημι; since Pott) or for `dump' (Lith. pìlti; Fick; lastly Fraenkel Zeitschr. slav. Phil. 6, 91), has as unproven hypothesis not much interest. -- WP. 2, 51, Pok. 799, Mayrhofer and Fraenkel s. vv. w. further details a. lit.Page in Frisk: 2,576-577Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πόλις
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3 Πολιάς
A guardian of the city, epith. of Athena, esp. in her oldest temple on the Acropolis of Athens, Hdt.5.82, S.Ph. 134, Ar.Av. 828, IG12.304.6, etc. ( Πολιτίδα is f.l. for Πολιάδα in Din. 1.64); simply ἡ Πολιάς, Luc.Pisc.21, etc.; in other Greek cities, Mnemos.57.208 (Argos, vi B.C., dat. πολιιάδι), IG12(7).386.43 ([place name] Amorgos), 12(8).640.37 ([place name] Peparethus), etc.; at Troezen, Paus.2.30.6; at Erythrae, Id.7.5.9:—so [full] Πολιᾶτις, ιδος, at Tegea, Id.8.47.5. -
4 ἔφορος
A overseer, guardian, ruler,στρατιᾶς A.Pers. 25
(anap.); (lyr.);σφαγίων E.Rh.30
(lyr.);τῶν παίδων Pl.Phdr. 265c
; καρπῶν, οἰάκων, Aristid.Or.41 (4).10, 42 (6).4;ὁ τῆς γενέσεως ἔ. θεός Procl. in Ti.1.53
D., al.: as fem., Ael.Fr. 160: later in neut. pl.,ἔφορα Iamb.Myst.4.1
.II at Sparta, ἔφοροι, οἱ, the ephors, Hdt.1.65, 6.82, 9.76, Pl.Lg. 692a, Arist.Pol. 1265b39, 1272a5; also, title of magistrates at Heraclea, Tab.Heracl.1.1, al.; at Thera, Test.Epict.4.1; in the Eleuthero-Laconian cities, IG5(1).1110, al.; also of officials of corporations, ib.209.8 (sg.), 26.4 (pl.). -
5 νεωκόρος
νεωκόρος, ου, ὁ lit., one who is responsible for the maintenance and security of a temple: ‘temple keeper’ (so X., Pla. et al.; Ael. Aristid. 47, 11 K.=1 p. 23 D.; IPriene 231 [IV B.C.] Μεγάβυζος νεωκόρος τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος τῆς ἐν Ἐφέσῳ; PMagd 35 [217 B.C.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 156; Jos., Bell. 1, 153; 5, 383; SibOr 12, 274. Loanw. in rabb.), then, w. the rise of the emperor cult in Asia Minor, a title assumed by cities that built and maintained temples in honor of the emperor: honorary temple keeper. In rare cases this custom was extended to other deities; so Ephesus is called ν. τῆς μεγάλης Ἀρτέμιδος honorary guardian of the temple of the great Artemis (νεωκόρος τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος CIG 2966; 2972; OBenndorf, Forschungen in Ephesos I 1906, 211 νεωκόρος τῆς ἁγιωτάτης Ἀρτέμιδος; OGI 481, 1ff; Rouffiac 64f. Also on coins [JWeiss, RE X 543; AWikenhauser, Die AG 1921, 366]) Ac 19:35 (ναοκόρον D; cp. B-D-F §96, 1 on ναός).—WBüchner, De Neocoria 1888; Kl. Pauly IV 55. New Docs 1, 22f.—DELG s.v. ναός. M-M.
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